Compliance by Cryptography • Zero-Knowledge Architecture

Compliance & Regulatory Standards

Sino does not satisfy privacy mandates through corporate policy manuals or server-side promises. Through local-first zero-knowledge encryption, hardware-anchored roots of trust, and post-quantum cryptography, compliance is mathematically enforced by architecture.

0 Bytes
Plaintext Accessible

Zero keys, files, or telemetry accessible to Sino or cloud hosts.

100%
Client-Side Sovereignty

All encryption, derivation, and wipes occur strictly on your device.

FIPS 203/204
Post-Quantum Ready

ML-KEM-768 and ML-DSA-65 standards shield against HNDL attacks.

Zero Escrow
Hardware Anchoring

Root keys sealed in physical StrongBox / TEE / TPM 2.0 silicon.

The Architectural Paradigm Shift

Policy-Based Compliance vs. Cryptographic Immunity

Traditional cloud storage providers require complex Data Processing Agreements (DPAs) because their servers possess encryption keys and plaintext indexing privileges. Sino eliminates legal and technical liability by rendering cloud providers completely blind.

Compliance Dimension Traditional Cloud Storage (Policy-Based) Sino Privacy Vault (Architecture-Enforced)
Encryption Key Custody Keys stored on server KMS; staff and algorithms can access plaintext. Hardware-sealed locally inside StrongBox/TEE or TPM 2.0. Zero key escrow.
Subpoena & Compelled Disclosure Vendor can be legally compelled to decrypt user files and metadata. Mathematically impossible. Sino operates no servers and possesses 0 keys.
Cloud Server Breach Impact Breach leaks filenames, directory structures, and decrypted customer payloads. Total Cloud Blindness. Intruders obtain only random 1MB AES-GCM ciphertext chunks.
Right to Erasure (GDPR Art. 17) User submits ticket and hopes background server backups are purged in 30 days. Instant Panic Protocol: 2-pass physical secure overwrite & key purge in <1 second.
Quantum Cryptanalysis Defense Traditional RSA/ECDH key exchange vulnerable to Harvest Now, Decrypt Later (HNDL). NIST FIPS 203 (ML-KEM-768) lattice encapsulation + FIPS 204 (ML-DSA-65) signatures.
Telemetry & Profiling Behavioral analytics, tracking cookies, and usage telemetry routinely collected. 0 tracking SDKs, 0 advertising networks, 0 remote analytical servers.
Governance & Accountability

The Zero-Knowledge Shared Responsibility Model

Unlike traditional cloud SaaS where the vendor assumes full data custody and liability, Sino distributes responsibility across three distinct, mathematically isolated boundaries.

Layer 1 • Software

Sino Vault Core

Provides open, mathematically verifiable client-side cryptographic primitives and local isolation logic.

  • Client-side AES-256-GCM & ML-KEM-768 encryption
  • Deterministic HMAC path blinding (CloudPathHasher)
  • Zero telemetry, zero remote servers, zero key escrow
  • Volatile RAM wiping & Panic Protocol execution
Role: Cryptographic Enforcer
Layer 2 • Infrastructure

Cloud Storage Host

Functions strictly as an untrusted, blind bit-level repository (Google Drive, MEGA, or S3 storage).

  • Physical datacenter security & power redundancy
  • Multi-region data availability & bit durability
  • Network routing, TLS transport, and DDoS mitigation
  • Conduit status: 0 access to plaintext or keys
Role: Blind Bit Carrier
Layer 3 • Custody

Vault Owner

Maintains absolute, sovereign ownership over root credentials, device security, and authorization.

  • Vault passphrase creation & entropy management
  • Physical device access controls (PIN, biometrics)
  • Off-device master recovery phrase storage
  • Selective execution of Panic Protocol wipe
Role: Sovereign Key Master

Regulatory Frameworks & Cryptographic Standards

Filter frameworks by regulatory jurisdiction or security domain to inspect how Sino's code and architecture satisfy international mandates.

European Union • Privacy

EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)

Regulation (EU) 2016/679 on personal data protection and privacy.

Key Regulatory Mandates Addressed
  • Article 25: Data protection by design and by default.
  • Article 32: State-of-the-art technical security of processing.
  • Article 17: Unilateral right to erasure ("Right to be Forgotten").
  • Article 20: Direct data portability without proprietary cloud lock-in.

Sino complies by architecture: files are encrypted client-side via AES-256-GCM before transmission. Sino operates zero backend servers holding user data, tracks zero telemetry, and provides a 2-pass forensic overwrite panic sequence that guarantees instant, irreversible local data destruction.

Australia • Privacy

Australian Privacy Principles (APP)

Privacy Act 1988 (Cth) governing the handling of personal information.

Key Regulatory Mandates Addressed
  • APP 1: Open, transparent, and verifiable personal data management.
  • APP 8: Strict accountability during cross-border information disclosure.
  • APP 11: Active security safeguards against misuse, interference, or loss.

Sino enforces Total Cloud Blindness: all cloud paths and folder hierarchies are blinded with salted HMAC-SHA256 hashes (CloudPathHasher). When users sync to multi-cloud targets abroad, zero plaintext personal data or identifiable structures ever cross geographic borders.

California (USA) • Privacy

California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA / CPRA)

California Privacy Rights Act establishing strict consumer data autonomy.

Key Regulatory Mandates Addressed
  • "Do Not Sell or Share": Complete prohibition on commercializing user data.
  • Consumer Sovereignty: Unilateral control over sensitive personal media.
  • Statutory Duty of Care: Mandatory implementation of reasonable security measures.

Sino operates as a premium, subscription-free paid software tool. Sino sells zero customer data, shares zero data with third-party brokers, and embeds zero advertising networks. Users maintain 100% cryptographic sovereignty over their files and encryption keys.

Canada • Privacy

PIPEDA (Canada)

Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act.

Key Regulatory Mandates Addressed
  • Principle 3 (Consent): Explicit user consent for every file sync destination.
  • Principle 7 (Safeguards): Security safeguards appropriate to data sensitivity.
  • Principle 9 (Individual Access): Full individual access without intermediary permission.

Because Sino is local-first, users never delegate custody of personal documents to Sino servers. Media keys are derived directly on-device using RFC 9106 Argon2id, and open-source CLI recovery tools ensure permanent access independence.

NIST Standards • Cryptography

NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography (FIPS 203 & 204)

Primary standardized post-quantum algorithms protecting against Shor's algorithm.

Technical Standards Implemented
  • NIST FIPS 203 (ML-KEM-768): Module-lattice key encapsulation for device envelopes.
  • NIST FIPS 204 (ML-DSA-65): Post-quantum digital signatures on vault manifests.
  • Crypto Suite ID: SINO-VAULT-V1-AES256GCM-HKDFSHA512-MLKEM768.

Sino actively mitigates "Harvest Now, Decrypt Later" (HNDL) attacks by establishing per-device shared secrets using ML-KEM-768 and authenticating manifest headers with ML-DSA-65, while retaining AES-256-GCM for 128-bit quantum payload resistance against Grover's algorithm.

Hardware Security • Silicon

FIPS 140-2 / 140-3 Hardware Anchoring

Physical hardware security module isolation on mobile and desktop platforms.

Hardware Modules Leveraged
  • Android StrongBox KeyMint: Dedicated smartcard-grade chip (EAL5+ evaluated).
  • Android TEE: Arm TrustZone hardware enclave isolated from the Android kernel.
  • Windows TPM 2.0: Certified physical Trusted Platform Module (v3_h:).

Root Master Keys and local ML-KEM private keys are sealed inside physical hardware security chips. Keys are flagged non-exportable, meaning operating system malware or root exploits cannot extract private key material from device silicon.

Healthcare • USA

HIPAA Security Rule (45 CFR § 164.312)

Technical safeguards for Protected Health Information (PHI) stored in the cloud.

Technical Safeguards Satisfied
  • § 164.312(a)(2)(iv): End-to-end AES-256-GCM encryption at rest.
  • § 164.312(e)(2)(ii): Unbreakable cryptographic protection during transit.
  • Conduit Exception Rule: Cloud providers remain blind packet transporters.

Under the HIPAA Conduit Exception Rule, third-party cloud hosts (Google Drive, MEGA, S3) act strictly as blind digital conduits because files and filenames are encrypted client-side before upload. Users can safely archive medical records without exposing PHI to cloud providers.

Industry Baseline • Mobile

OWASP Mobile Security Verification (MASVS)

Industry-standard security baseline for mobile and companion applications.

MASVS Verification Controls Met
  • MASVS-STORAGE: Zero plaintext caching on disk (decryptRange()).
  • MASVS-CRYPTO: Proven primitives (Argon2id, HKDF-SHA-512, ML-KEM-768).
  • MASVS-RESILIENCE: Anti-tamper Registry checks & FLAG_SECURE screen guards.

Sino enforces strict memory hygiene: all transient key arrays and plaintext buffers are wrapped in try-finally blocks and immediately wiped via platform.fillZero(). Screenshots are blocked at the OS window manager level.

NIST Standards • Sanitization

NIST SP 800-88 Rev. 1 (Cryptographic Erasure)

Guidelines for media sanitization and instant mathematical data disposal.

Sanitization Requirements Satisfied
  • Section 5.1.2 (Cryptographic Erase): Sanitization via target key destruction.
  • Panic Protocol: 2-pass overwrite (SecureRandom + zero-fill) on local master keys and salts.
  • Distributed Invalidation: Cloud snapshots and versions instantly rendered white noise.

In multi-tenant cloud storage, physical overwriting of remote hard drives is impossible. Sino satisfies NIST SP 800-88 Cryptographic Erase (CE) by destroying local key material. Without the key, cloud ciphertext across all historical snapshots becomes permanently unrecoverable in under 50 milliseconds.

NIST Standards • Key Management

NIST SP 800-57: Key Management Guidelines

Recommendation for key management, separation of duties, and key isolation.

Key Management Principles Enforced
  • Domain Separation: Distinct HKDF-SHA-512 derivations for files, directories, and blind paths.
  • Zero Key Reuse: Every file encrypted with a unique, single-use 256-bit symmetric key.
  • Strict Compartmentalization: Compromising one file key yields 0 advantage over other vault items.

Sino implements strict cryptographic separation: root keys derive intermediate epoch keys, which derive single-purpose per-file AES-256-GCM keys. Cloud storage path hashes utilize distinct salts (CloudPathHasher), ensuring zero key material is ever shared across functions.

Enterprise Baseline • ISO

ISO/IEC 27001:2022 & ISO 27701 (PIMS)

International standard for Information Security Management Systems & Privacy.

Annex A Controls Architecture Alignment
  • Control A.8.24 (Use of Cryptography): Authenticated encryption across transit and rest.
  • Control A.8.12 (Data Leakage Prevention): Zero server-side storage prevents insider data exfiltration.
  • Control A.8.20 (Network Security): Remote storage channels receive only blind ciphertext.

Enterprise security officers deploying Sino eliminate the application vendor from their ISMS compliance audit boundary. Because Sino operates zero remote servers and stores zero keys, third-party insider risks, vendor credential compromise, and multi-tenant breach vectors are architecturally impossible.

European Union • Resilience

EU NIS 2 Directive & Cyber Resilience Act (CRA)

Directives (EU) 2022/2555 & CRA governing software supply chain integrity.

Resilience & Supply Chain Safeguards
  • Verifiable Core: Open-source SDK (sino-open-sdk) for independent auditing.
  • Zero Infrastructure Vector: No centralized API gateway vulnerable to zero-day DDoS or intrusion.
  • Vulnerability Management: Formal PGP-encrypted coordinated vulnerability disclosure policy.

Sino complies with emerging European cybersecurity mandates by decoupling client execution from centralized server infrastructure and publishing its cryptographic streaming algorithms openly. Independent researchers and auditors can verify mathematical integrity directly on GitHub.

AICPA Standards • Enterprise

SOC 2 Type II (Trust Services Criteria)

AICPA SSAE 18 criteria governing Security, Confidentiality, and Availability.

Trust Services Criteria Alignment
  • CC6.1 & CC6.3 (Access Controls): Hardware StrongBox/TPM key derivation with biometric binding.
  • CC6.6 & CC6.7 (Boundary & Encryption): Client-side authenticated AES-256-GCM before transmission.
  • C1.1 (Confidentiality Commitment): Total cloud blindness eliminates vendor data custody risks.

Sino simplifies enterprise SOC 2 audits: because Sino is local-first software and operates zero multi-tenant servers storing customer data, deploying Sino does not expand your organization's third-party vendor audit boundary. Users can safely leverage SOC 2-certified cloud storage providers without exposing plaintext data to them.

NIST Standards • Cyber Defense

NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF 2.0)

Definitive NIST guidance spanning Govern, Identify, Protect, Detect, and Respond.

NIST CSF 2.0 Core Functions Enforced
  • PROTECT (PR.DS-01 & 02): Sovereign encryption at rest and in transit prior to network egress.
  • PROTECT (PR.DS-10 & 11): NIST 800-88 sanitization and FIPS 203 ML-KEM post-quantum defense.
  • GOVERN (GV.RM & GV.SC): Zero key escrow guarantees absolute customer risk sovereignty.

Sino implements the core technical controls mandated by NIST CSF 2.0. By enforcing zero-escrow client-side encryption and hardware-bound root derivation, Sino satisfies stringent Protect (PR) and Govern (GV) subcategories across distributed multi-cloud endpoints without centralized exposure.

Hardening Baseline • CIS

CIS Critical Security Controls v8.1

Center for Internet Security prescriptive guidelines for enterprise cyber defense.

CIS Safeguards Satisfied
  • Control 3 (Data Protection): Safeguards 3.6, 3.10, 3.11 (rest & transit authenticated encryption).
  • Safeguard 3.12 (Segmentation): Strict operational boundary separating local crypto from cloud hosts.
  • Control 10 (Data Recovery): Multi-cloud background sync ensuring verified, redundant recovery.

Sino aligns with CIS Controls v8.1 defensive recommendations: local databases are sealed in SQLCipher with StrongBox/TPM key wrapping, unencrypted disk paging is blocked via volatile RAM streaming, and automated background sync provides redundant disaster recovery capabilities across heterogeneous clouds.

United Kingdom • Privacy

UK GDPR & Data Protection Act 2018

Post-Brexit United Kingdom privacy regime enforced by the Information Commissioner's Office.

UK Regulatory Mandates Addressed
  • ICO Cryptographic Guidance: Client-encrypted data without vendor keys qualifies as effective pseudonymization.
  • Article 25 & 32 UK GDPR: Privacy by design and default; robust client-side AES-256-GCM authenticated encryption.
  • Cross-Border Blinding: Cloud paths and hierarchies blinded via salted HMAC-SHA-256 (CloudPathHasher).

Under technical guidance from the UK Information Commissioner's Office (ICO), storing data in the cloud where the host has zero access to decryption keys eliminates unauthorized processing liability. Sino ensures complete compliance for UK citizens and organizations managing confidential records.

US Federal • Government & Defense

FedRAMP & NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5

Security and privacy controls for federal information systems, agencies, and defense contractors.

Federal Security Controls Satisfied
  • Control SC-13 (Cryptographic Protection): Hardware-backed root keys (StrongBox/TPM) and FIPS 203 PQC.
  • Control SC-28 (Protection at Rest): 100% client-side AES-256-GCM database and chunk payload encryption.
  • Control MP-6 (Media Sanitization): Instant cryptographic sanitization via Panic Protocol (NIST SP 800-88).

For public sector agencies and defense contractors operating under FedRAMP mandates, Sino provides sovereign endpoint cryptographic controls before data enters multi-cloud storage. Files are shielded with FIPS-anchored keys, fulfilling NIST SP 800-53 high-impact baselines without relying on cloud vendor security promises.

Financial & Payment • PCI-SSC

PCI-DSS v4.0 (Financial Data Protection)

Global security standard for safeguarding payment card and financial account data.

PCI-DSS v4.0 Requirements Met
  • Requirement 3.4 & 3.5 (Protect Stored Data): Render PAN and financial records unreadable via AES-256-GCM.
  • Requirement 3.6 (Key Management): Hardware-isolated cryptographic keys with zero cloud escrow.
  • Requirement 4.2 (Transmission Security): Client-side pre-encryption prior to transit across public cloud networks.

Users and organizations archiving tax documents, bank statements, invoices, or payment receipts satisfy PCI-DSS v4.0 storage requirements by design. Because all payloads are encrypted locally with AES-256-GCM before transmission, financial records and account identifiers are never stored or transmitted in plaintext.

Law Enforcement & Legal • FBI

FBI CJIS Security Policy v5.9

Federal standard for safeguarding Criminal Justice Information (CJI) in cloud environments.

CJIS Policy Areas Enforced
  • Area 5.10.1.2 (Encryption at Rest & Transit): Exceeds minimum 128-bit requirement with AES-256-GCM.
  • Area 5.1.1 (Access Control & Key Custody): Zero cloud vendor personnel access; keys bound to physical hardware.
  • Area 5.13 (Disposal & Sanitization): 2-pass forensic overwrite ensures permanent CJI purge upon demand.

Legal defense attorneys, forensic investigators, and law enforcement professionals handling sensitive case files and CJI can safely backup to commercial cloud storage. Under Sino's Total Cloud Blindness, cloud providers never possess the keys needed to inspect case records, directly satisfying strict FBI CJIS access and confidentiality mandates.

Nigeria (Africa) • Privacy

Nigeria Data Protection Act (NDPA 2023 / NDPR)

Nigeria Data Protection Act 2023 & NDPR framework enforced by the NDPC.

Key Regulatory Mandates Addressed
  • Section 39 (Security Measures): Mandatory technical safeguards, encryption, and pseudonymization.
  • Sections 41–43 (Cross-Border Transfers): Strict conditions for cross-border data transmission.
  • Section 34 (Data Subject Rights): Autonomous right to erasure, restriction, and direct access.
  • Section 24 (Data Minimization): Processing limited strictly to verified sovereign necessity.

Sino provides mathematical immunity under the NDPA: client-side AES-256-GCM and post-quantum ML-KEM-768 encryption render cloud intermediaries blind conduits. Salted HMAC path blinding (CloudPathHasher) guarantees that no identifiable personal data crosses geographic boundaries during multi-cloud sync, and the offline Panic Protocol enables instant cryptographic erasure under Section 34.

NIST SP 800-88 & GDPR Article 17

Cryptographic Erasure: Solving the Cloud Retention Dilemma

In modern distributed cloud storage, standard file deletion does not guarantee data removal: cloud vendors preserve historical snapshots, version trees, soft-delete recycle bins, and immutable tape backups for months or years.

The Problem: Lingering Cloud Artifacts

When using traditional cloud tools, requesting file deletion sends an API call asking the provider to purge the file. However, secondary disaster-recovery mirrors, compliance retention snapshots, and cold storage backups remain outside user control, creating legal exposure under GDPR Article 17 ("Right to Erasure").

The Sino Solution: Cryptographic Erasure (CE)

Sino encrypts every file with a unique, ephemeral per-file key wrapped in the vault manifest. When you delete a file or trigger the Panic Protocol, Sino destroys the decryption key using a verified 2-pass wipe. Without the key, all cloud snapshots, revisions, and backups instantaneously become indistinguishable from random entropy satisfying NIST SP 800-88 sanitization in under 50 milliseconds.

Export Administration Regulations (EAR)

Export Control & Dual-Use Cryptography Notice

Guidance for legal teams, cross-border enterprises, and compliance officers regarding international cryptographic export classifications.

ECCN Classification 5D002 / 5A002
Export License Exception TSU (§ 740.13(e)) / Publicly Available
Wassenaar Classification Category 5, Part 2 (InfoSec)

Sino's core cryptographic algorithms, streaming envelope format, ML-KEM-768 encapsulation routines, and zero-disk decryption engines are published as publicly available open source in the sino-open-sdk repository.

Under United States Export Administration Regulations (15 CFR § 734.7 and § 740.13(e)), publicly available encryption source code is not subject to the EAR or is eligible for License Exception TSU (Technology and Software Unrestricted). Users in permitted jurisdictions may download and deploy Sino without requiring individual Department of Commerce export authorizations, subject to standard prohibitions against denied parties or embargoed destinations.

Frequently Asked Compliance Questions

Clear answers for legal counsels, privacy officers, and enterprise evaluators.

Do I need to execute a Data Processing Agreement (DPA) with Sino?

No. Unlike multi-tenant cloud SaaS vendors, Sino is software-only and never operates centralized servers that host, process, or transmit your vault files. You retain 100% data custody. Because Sino is not a Data Processor or Sub-processor under GDPR Article 28, executing a DPA is not legally required.

Can Sino comply with court orders, warrants, or subpoenas to surrender my files?

Sino has zero technical capability to comply. Even if presented with a lawful court order, Sino possesses no user files, no passwords, no encryption keys, and no database records. All decryption keys are held exclusively inside your physical device's hardware security module (StrongBox/TPM).

If my Google Drive or MEGA storage account is compromised, is my data exposed?

No. The cloud provider only possesses blinded, salted HMAC hashes and 1MB authenticated AES-256-GCM ciphertext packets wrapped in post-quantum ML-KEM-768 envelopes. Without your hardware-anchored master secret and Argon2id passphrase, the stored data is unreadable cryptographic noise.

Can I audit the cryptographic code to verify these compliance claims?

Yes. Sino's cryptographic primitives, streaming protocols, ML-KEM-768 encapsulation, ML-DSA-65 signature routines, and zero-disk decryption engines are open source in our public GitHub repository (sino-open-sdk).

How does Sino satisfy data sanitization mandates (NIST SP 800-88) without access to cloud hard drives?

Through Cryptographic Erase (CE). NIST SP 800-88 Rev. 1 recognizes Cryptographic Erase as an approved sanitization technique. Because all cloud data is encrypted using AES-256-GCM with keys protected by Argon2id and hardware StrongBox/TPM roots, securely overwriting the local keys and salt renders all remote cloud data, backups, and historical snapshots mathematically impossible to decipher in under 50 milliseconds.

How does Sino affect our enterprise ISO/IEC 27001 or SOC 2 compliance boundary?

Sino reduces your compliance audit scope. Because Sino is a zero-knowledge, local-first application with zero backend databases or administrative access vectors, your organization does not need to audit Sino's employees, internal network, or server configurations. You fulfill Annex A cryptography controls (A.8.24) and data leakage prevention (A.8.12) via verified mathematical isolation.

Download Complete Technical Specifications

Inspect our full threat models, database encryption schemas, and post-quantum parameter matrices in our formal Cryptographic Security Whitepaper.